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Vinnytsya



Vinnytsya is a city with population of over 365 thousand people, historic center of eastern Podillya and modern administrative, economic and cultural center of Vinnytsya region, where thousands of tourists come each year.

Geographic position. The city is situated on river Southern Bug, in forest-steppe zone of central part of Right-Bank Ukraine, within Podilsk and Prydniprovsk heights. Vinnytsya region borders with seven regions of Ukraine, and on the south-west on river Dnister passes state border with Republic of Moldova.

Climate. For the city are typical long cool, rather humid summers and relatively short not severe winters. Average temperature in January is -5.8°С, in July +22.3°С.

History. People inhabited the territory, occupied by modern Vinnytsya, since ancient times. Here were found by archaeologists working tools of Neolithic age, burial places of Bronze age, early Slavic settlements, and later there lived the tribes that were part of Kyiv Rus and Galych-Volyn principality.
Founding of Vinnytsya is associated with the name of nephew of prince Olgerd, Fedor Koriatovych. In 1363 he laid the foundation of fortress on high steep slope, below the confluence to Bug of its left tributary – river Vinnychky. The name “Vinnytsya” is found already in the document, signed on June 13, 1385 in Krakow by king Vladislav Yagelo.
In the second half of XV century Vinnytsya already enjoyed Magdeburg law. Trade route from Moldova to Moscow also contributed to the rapid economic growth of the city.  
In 1598  Vinnytsya became the center of Bratslav province, which led to the next stage of growth of the city – development of right bank of Bug.
In 1632 году with the assistance of outstanding figure of Ukrainian culture Metropolitan Petro Mohyla Orthodox college in fraternal Ascension monastery was opened in the city.
When in 1648 broke national liberation war, Vinnytsya occupied a significant place in it. On July 7 rebels led by Colonel Maxim Kryvonis liberated Vinnytsya from gentry’ troops. And in November 1649 in the city stopped Bogdan Khmelnytskyy himself, who according to the truce included Vinnytsya to the number of cities, where Hetman held his garrison. But after Andrusiv armistice in 1667 Vinnytsya, like the rest of Right-Bank Ukraine, passed under the authority of Polish crown.  
In 1793 after second repartition of Poland Vinnytsya passes to Russia, Podilsk province is created. The estates of Polish magnates are taken over by Russian landlords. Development of the city went a lot faster after construction nearby of the railroad in 1870. Factories and plants emerged.
Turbulent events took place in Vinnytsya after October revolution in Russia. Thrice Vinnytsya became the seat of government structures of Ukrainian National Republic, here were taken fundamental, crucial for national statehood decisions.
German invaders in 1941  established in Vinnytsya a special regime in connection with placement nearby of “Werewolf” headquarters.  
By heroic forces of inhabitants of Vinnytsya industry of the city was completely restored after war. Later in Vinnytsya, as regional center, began to develop powerfully electronic, radio engineering and metalworking industries.

Attractions. The most prominent historical-architectural monuments of Vinnytsya are: Dominican monastery (XVII century) with Roman Catholic church, caves and defensive tower preserved until modern times, Jesuit monastery (XVII century), on the territory of which nowadays are located local history museum and regional archives, Nicholas church (XVIII century) – one of the best examples of traditional wooden architecture.  
Close to 10 museums operate in Vinnytsya. Among them are Vinnytsya Regional Local History Museum (largest in the region collection of materials in history, ethnography and culture), Vinnytsya Regional Museum of Art, museum “My Podillya”. A special place occupies museum-estate of N.I. Pirogov – a great surgeon and anatomist, naturalist and educator.
Vinnytsya City Theater was built in 1910. Since 1933 in the city is working permanent company of actors, which did not stop performances even during the Second World War. On October 28, 2004 Music and Drama Theater named after M. Sadovskyy obtained the status of State Academic Theater. The State Regional Philharmonic Theater operates in the city.