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Dnipropetrovsk




Dnipropetrovsk is a regional center of Dnipropetrovsk region, large industrial, scientific and cultural center of Ukraine. It is the city of parks, public gardens and modern architecture.  
Geographic position. The city is located in the south-eastern part of Ukraine, in the basin of middle and lower stream of Dnieper. Dnipropetrovsk region occupies an area of 31 thousand square km, that is almost 7% of the country’s area. Dnipropetrovsk is one of the largest in the world centers of iron and steel industry and related branches.    
Climate. The climate is temperate continental, warm. The microclimate is heavily influenced by Dnieper, humidity is increasing in spring and autumn period. Winter is relatively mild, with cloudy weather and frequent fogs. Summer is warm, dry in some years.
History. The place, on which is located present Dnipropetrovsk, since ancient times has been favorable for habitation. Sites of man of Stone Age, Neolithic hunters, nomads: Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians were opened on the territory of the city and surrounding areas.  
Presumably in the IX century Byzantine monks found a monastery on present Monastic island. The place was not chosen by chance: for the first time the island is mentioned in the Life of St. Theodosius, as the most northern point, where came in his mission of Christian doctrine one of the disciples of Christ – Andrew, the "First-called" Apostle.  
At the beginning of the XV century the border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crimean Khanate passes along Dnieper and further east, i.e. on the territory of modern Dnipropetrovsk. At this time the population here because of the Tatar invasions greatly reduced, pulled back to the north-west, and the name Wild Field stuck to the region.
The revival of the territory started from XVI century – after formation of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks and organization down the Dnieper of Camps, being an obstacle on the way of the Tartar troops to the north.
Decree about founding of Ekaterinoslav on the Dnieper river was issued on January 22, 1784.
In 1796 Ekaterinoslav was renamed to Novorossiysk.
In 1802 the city was returned its old name.
In 1873 railway line from Kharkiv came to the left bank.  
Owing to opening in the area of Kryvyy Rih of iron-ore deposits and coal fields – in Donbass began rapid industrial development of the region and its center. In the city and its outskirts, with active participation of French and German capital appeared several metallurgical plants, successfully operating to this day.    
In 1897, Belgian businessmen launched in Ekaterinoslav electric tram – 3-rd in Empire after Kyiv and Nizhniy Novgorod.  
At the beginning of the XX century the city continued to grow rapidly, industry and commerce developed, population grew.
In October 1918, by rule of Hetman Skoropadskyy, was opened university, which is operating to this day.
In the course of the Civil War the city has repeatedly passed through many hands.
In 1926 it was renamed to Dnipropetrovsk – due to location on Dnieper river and in honor of one of the leaders of the Communist movement Hryhoriy Petrovskyy.
On August 25, 1941 the city was occupied by German troops and appeared in the Reichskommisariat Ukraine. It was liberated on October 25, 1943 by troops of 3 Ukrainian Front during the Dnipropetrovsk operation.
After the war the city was rebuilt and again became one of the most important industrial and scientific centers. Already in 1945, almost all evacuated to the East plants resumed manufacturing of products. The longest in Europe embankment was built on the right bank of Dnieper.
Since the beginning of the new century, life of the city gradually began to revive after crisis of 1990-ies. New buildings, new commercial and shopping centers, car dealerships, movie theaters of modern format began to appear.







Education.  There are 11 public and several private universities in Dnipropetrovsk. Until 1993 there was one university – Dnipropetrovsk Public University (now Dnipropetrovsk National University). Most higher educational institutions of the city are located in Zhovtnevyy urban district of Dnipropetrovsk city.
Attractions. Among the attractions of the city in the first place it is worth noting Transfiguration cathedral, construction of which was initiated during the journey of Catherine II in the southern domains. The building has high architectural and artistic value as the structure, which reflected the traditions and techniques of Russian classical school of the period of its boom.  
Stone, classicist Nicholas church at 108 Oktyabryat Street was built in 1807 on the site of existed since 1650 wooden church. Paintings of the XX century were preserved. Palace of Potemkin (1786) in the T.Shevchenko amusement park is one of the first most significant buildings of Dnipropetrovsk. Authorship of the project of palace is attributed to the outstanding Russian architect I. Starov. Originally the main building contained a number of ceremonial rooms, including a huge hall with two tiers of windows in the central part. In 1952 it was renovated and became the palace of student culture.    
Historical museum at 16 K. Marx Avenue was founded in 1849. At first it was placed in one of the rooms of Potemkin’s Palace, later on the initiative of Ekaterinoslav Scientific Society began construction of a special building. Project was designed by architect H. Panafutin in modernized classicistic style. The old building of museum is one-story. The old part is connected with a new two-storey building, in which exposition is located, and building of diorama “Battle of Dnieper”. Collection of Scythian stone images is located near the museum.      
Dnipropetrovsk T. Shevchenko Musical Drama Theater (1913) is situated at 5 Lenin Street. The building was attached as theater and concert hall to former English club. It was renovated in 1978-79. The façade is embellished with sculptural triptych, reflecting the stages of creative development of the theater. The rounded corner is topped with figure of the muse.  
Stadium “Arena-Dnipro” was opened in September 2008 after major renovation. Now the stadium meets the requirements of the matches for “Euro-2012”.  

Nikopol


Nikopol is the city in Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine, situated on the banks of Kakhovka reservoir of Dnieper river, a major industrial center of Ukraine. It is the oldest city of Dnipropetrovsk region. During archeological research, conducted on the territory of modern Nikopol in the period from 1929 to 2000, were found remains of settlements and graves belonging to the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Scythian and Sarmatian cultures.
In 1648 at Nikitinskaya Camp (the present “old part” of the city) Bohdan Khmelnytskyy was elected Hetman of Ukraine. The liberation War of Ukrainian people against Poland started from here, too.  
7 kilometers to the west of Nikopol between villages Alekseyevka and Kapulovka is the tomb of the legendary Zaporizhzhya ataman Ivan Sirko, who in 1676 signed the famous letter of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks to Turkish Sultan Mekhmet IV, is depicted on painting by Ilya Repin.
Osip Shor, who is considered the main prototype of the legendary Ostap Bender, was born on May 30, 1899 in Nikopol.
On June 21, 1971 in the steppe at Nikopol, near the neighboring city of Ordzhonikidze, now part of the Nikopol agglomeration, on the territory of mining plant, during the excavations of Scythian burial mound Thick Grave, was found the famous Golden Pectoral, later dated by IV century B.C., one of the greatest finds of world history and archeology.
Local History Museum is situated in the city. Church of the Nativity in Sulytske (1812-20) in the style of classicism with paintings of XIX-XX centuries was preserved from the architectural attractions.  

Kryvyy Rih


Kryvyy Rih is the city in Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine, administrative center of Kryvyy Rih district. It is the center of development of Kryvyy Rih iron ore field. It was founded in the XVII century by Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. This city is the eighth by the number of inhabitants in Ukraine and is considered one of the longest in the world. In the Old World it is second only to Sochi, in the New – to Mexico City. The city stretched as real crooked horn at 145 kilometers in length. The city attraction is iron ore opencast mine of Southern ore mining and processing plant, one of the largest not only in Ukraine but also in the world. Its length is more than 3 kilometers and width is 2.5 kilometers. Depth reaches 400 meters. People from all around the world come to see this man-made wonder.  
Kryvyy Rih is one of the most important cultural centers of Dnipropetrovsk region. Here you can visit Taras Shevchenko Drama and Musical Comedy Theater, “Movement Academy” Theater, Kryvyy Rih Puppet Theater. You can spend time at Kryvyy Rih Local History Museum and its branch in Ternovskyy district (northern part of the city), and also at museum-apartment of artist, winner of T. Shevchenko National Prize of Ukraine, Hryhoriy Synytsya. Exhibitions of artists of the city, Ukraine and foreign countries are regularly held at City Exhibition Center.    
Landscape preserve “Northern Red Gully”, botanical garden and 2 parks are situated in the city.