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Welcome to MUKACHEVO!




Mukachiv or Mukachevo is a city (2001 pop 82,200) on the Liatorytsia River and a raion center in Transcarpathia oblast. The site has been settled since prehistoric times. Archeologists have discovered settlements in the vicinity from the Neolithic Period, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and the Slavic period (8th–9th century AD). In the 10th century Mukachiv belonged to Kyivan Rus’, and in the 11th century, to Hungary. The fortress, rising high above the town, was destroyed by the Cumans in 1086 and by the Tatars in 1241. It was rebuilt by Fedir Koriiatovych, who also built Mukachiv Saint Nicholas's Monastery. By the end of the 14th century Mukachiv was an important manufacturing and trading center on a trade route between Hungary and Galicia. In 1445 it was granted the rights of Magdeburg law. Because of the monastery the town became a cultural and religious center in the 15th century, and until the end of the 18th century it was the seat of the Mukachiv eparchy. Owing to its strategic location Mukachiv was contested frequently by the Habsburg dynasty and Transylvanian dynasty in the 16th and 17th centuries. At the end of the 17th century the town was annexed by Austria. It flourished in the 18th century and became the chief trade center in Transcarpathia. A gymnasium was established in 1746. Mukachiv played an important role in the revolutionary movement of 1848–9. After the First World War the city belonged to Czechoslovakia. Its importance diminished whereas that of Uzhhorod grew. In 1938 Mukachiv came under Hungarian rule. By a Soviet-Czechoslovak treaty of June 1945 Transcarpathia became part of Soviet Ukraine.








In 1921 Mukachiv had a population of 21,000, consisting mostly of Jews (48 percent), who began to settle there in the late 17th century, Ukrainians (24 percent), and Hungarians (22 percent). In 1925 the first Hebrew gymnasium on Ukrainian territory was established in Mukachiv. By 1966 the city's population had risen to 50,500. It consisted mostly of Ukrainians (60 percent), followed by Hungarians (18 percent), Russians (10 percent), and Jews (6 percent).

Mukachiv has several machine-building plants, a large branch of the Fischer Ski factory, a furniture factory, and a food industry. A branch of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Forest Management and Agroforest Amelioration is located in the city. Its chief architectural monuments are the castle (built in the 14th century and rebuilt in the 18th century), a chapel in Gothic style (14th century), the White Building (a baroque monument of the 17th century rebuilt in 1746), the arsenal (now the regional museum, built in 1624), and Saint Nicholas's Church (Cathedral from 1806).








Transcarpathian region



Geographic position. Transcarpathian region is located on south-western slopes and foothills of Eastern Carpathians, and also includes Transcarpathian  lowland. In the south the region borders with Romania, in the south-west – with Hungary, in the west – with Slovakia and in the north-west – with Poland. Thus, Transcarpathain region is a kind of Ukrainian “window to Europe”. In the north and east the region borders with two other regions of Ukraine – Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk. Territory of the region is 12.777 thousand square kilometers, population — 1.245.500 people.
Climate. Moderate temperate continental climate, with predominant influence of the Atlantic, dominates in Transcarpathians. Summer on the plain is long and hot, lasting up to 135 days, in the mountains at an altitude of 600 m it spans less than 70 days. The nature of relatively mild winter varies depending on the year and altitude, in the mountainous regions its duration is around 5 months.  
History. The territory of Transcarpathians was a part of Great Moravia, Kyiv Rus, Hungary, and Transylvania. The territory was a part of four districts – Bereg, Maramarosh, Ung, Ugocha. In 191801919 the territory was occupied by Czechoslovak and Romanian army, in May 1919 meeting in Uzhgorod proclaimed desire to be part of Czechoslovakia. On June 4, 1920 according to Saint-Germaine treaty under the name “Sub-Carpathian Rus” it became part of Czechoslovakia. After liquidation of independence of Czechoslovakia in Transcarpathians was proclaimed independent state – Carpatho-Ukraine. On March 18, 1939 Hungarian troops were brought, independence was liquidated, and the territory was annexed by Hungary. In 1944 Transcarpathians were liberated by Soviet troops. On June 29, 1945 in Moscow was signed agreement on joining of the former Sub-Carpathian Rus to Ukrainian SSR. The agreement was finally ratified by Czechoslovak Parliament on November 22, 1945. In addition, Czechoslovakia agreed to transfer to the USSR about 250 square kilometers of territory in the vicinity of Chop, which were not part of Sub-Carpathian Rus. On January 1, 1946 on the adjoint land was approved Transcarpathian region of Ukrainian SSR.   

Attractions. Total number of monuments of history, archeology, urban planning, and monumental art in the region is 674. The leading place is occupied by resort-recreational and tourist facilities: 15 health resorts, 16 health centers-preventive clinics, 3 boarding houses, 25 recreation centers.  

Town of Khust is the third in population town of Transcarpathian region, situated at the foot of the mountains at the confluence of river Rika to Tysa. The district has two medieval castles: Khust (11-18 century) and Vyshkiv (13-14 century), as well as Vilshanske reservoir and Lypovetske volcanic lake, located in the crater of the old volcano. Locals tell about it many mysterious stories. Near the town itself is located Valley of daffodils – the only place in Ukraine, where natural thickets of narrow-leaved daffodil are preserved.

Lake Synevyr is the largest lake of Carpathians, situated at an altitude of 989 m above sea level in Mizhgirskyy district, Transcarpathian region. The lake was formed 10 thousand years ago and up till now is one of visiting cards of Ukrainian Carpathians. Area of the lake is about 5 hectares, average depth is 8-10 m, maximum depth – 22 m. A small island just a few square meters in area is placed in the middle of the lake, as if the pupil of the blue eye. Hence the popular name – Marine eye. People with their creative imagination try to complement the beauty of nature. Architect Yuriy Solomin included well the observation platforms in surrounding landscape.  
There is a legend according to which the picturesque lake formed from the flow of tears of the count’s daughter Syn, on the spot where her beloved, a simple shepherd Vyr, was killed for his simple origin by boulder on direction of the count. Carved mahogany sculpture “Syn and Vyr”, created by Ivan Brodin and Mykhaylo Sanych, rises above the peninsula.   
The lake is a part of National natural park “Synevyr”, created on January 5, 1989. 38 species of plants growing in the park, and 22 species of animals found here are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.
The climate in the park naturally varies from moderately humid in the valleys to the cold-humid in the highlands. Average temperature in July - about + 13 °C, in January - minus 4-6 °С. Precipitation is substantial.  
There are several recreation centers in the park, where there are all conditions for comfortable living and conciliation. Annual festival of ethnic music “Trembitas call to Synevyr” is held in Synevyr. Performances of musicians from Ukraine and neighboring countries, exhibition of works of arts and crafts and cooking competitions take place during festival.
Unique, the only in Europe Museum of wood and float is located not far from the lake on Black river.   

Town of Beregovo is the main center of Hungarian culture in Trancarpathians and Ukraine in general. Regional State Archives, Transcarpathian Geological Expedition, Local History Museum, Hungarian Theater are situated in Beregovo. The architectural dominant of the town is Catholic cathedral of 12-15 centuries. Count’s yard (1629), belonging to Transylvanian count Gabor Betleni, also draws attention. The town has spacious wine cellars, cut out in the rock in 1913.   
Beregovo is the only area in Transcarpathians, where there are wells with hot mineral water, rich in iron. Scientists explain this by saying that this area is a seismic zone. Here, as at the warmest point of the region, often occur active underground processes, which contribute to the creation of hot geysers. To date, seven wells are opened, on two of which is built swimming pool. Beregovo thermal springs
- silicon-nitrogen-carbon dioxide-sodium chloride water with high mineral content, analogs of which are found in Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Iceland and New Zealand. Treatment by thermal water is recommended for the following diseases:
- cardio-vascular system;
- initial stage of atherosclerosis;
- rheumatic heart defects in adults and children of first stage of process activity with losses of blood circulation of first and initial second degree;
- hypertension of first and second degree;
- varicose veins, thrombophlebitis;
- diseases of movement apparatus: arthritis, polyarthritis of non-tubercular character;
- diseases of spine, osteochondrosis, effects of damage to bones, muscles, tendons;
- diseases of central and peripheral nervous systems.
Swimming pool with thermal water operates all year round. Mineralized water spouts from the depth of 1000 m, at the outlet it has the temperature of 35-55°С.


Town of Vynogradiv is located on the right bank of Tysa at the foot of Black mountain, slopes of which are covered with vineyards. Vynogradiv is one of the oldest settlements of Zakarpattya. Slav settlement existed here already at the end of first millennium A.D. Building of the former Palace of Pereni (14 century), Franciscan church (14-15 century) and ruins of castle (10-14 century) deserve attention from architectural monuments.

Rakhiv is mentioned in the documents for the first time in 1447. The town is situated below the confluence of Black and White Tysa in the narrow valley between mountains. Geographic center of Europe is located near village of Dilove not far from Rakhiv.

Town of salt miners Solotvyno is located on the right bank of river Tysa, between mountain ranges of Sklavan and Magura, near Ukrainian-Romanian border. Miraculous salt lakes, which each year welcome thousands of vacationers, are situated here. Solotvyno brine treats a whole bunch of diseases: radiculitis, pleurisy, arthritis, psoriasis.    
Speleotherapy is one of non-pharmacological methods of rehabilitation and treatment of diseases of respiratory organs, basic foundation of which is the use of microclimate of underground facilities (salt mines and karst caves). Ukrainian Allergy clinic is a specialized institution, where comprehensive diagnostics and treatment of patients with bronchial asthma and other chronic non-specific diseases of respiratory organs is conducted. Main method of treatment is speleotherapy. It is conducted in specially built department in the thick mass of salt at depth of 300 m underground in the mine # 9 of Solotvyno salt mining. Microclimatic conditions of this department are characterized by the following parameters: air temperature 22-23°С, relative humidity 20-40%. Content of micro organisms in the air of department is 10 times lower than in the air of operating room. Salt lakes in western part of Solotvyno are place of rest. The largest lake in Solotvyno is Kunigunda lake. There is a museum of history of salt mining in the town.  

Yasinya is an urban settlement in Rakhiv district. Settlement Yasinya lies at an altitude of 650 m above sea level at the foot of peaks Hoverla, Petros and Blyznytsya. It is first mentioned in the documents in 1555. Yasinya is famous for distinctive folk art and amateur activity. Surroundings of the settlement are a favorite place for many tourists, who rest here year-round close to miraculous nature of the Carpathians. Monument of folk wooden architecture of 18 century – Strukivska church, is interesting among the attractions.    

Dragobrat is the alpine ski resort of Ukraine, situated at an altitude of 1300-1700 m above sea level. Dragobrat is located 18 km from settlement Yasinya, 9 km from highway Uzhgorod-Ivano-Frankivsk. Horseshoe-shaped arrangement of mountains of Svydovetskyy ridge creates preconditions for stable snow cover from November till May. Svidovetskyy mountain range and its spectacular landscapes attract lovers of downhill skiing from Ukraine and neighboring countries.
118 wooden churches are preserved in Transcarpathian region. The most valuable of them are: St. Nicholas church (1428) in the village of Serednye Vodyane, Rakhiv district, church of Intercession of the Mother of God (1645, 1761) in the village of Kostryno, Velykobereznyanskyy district; church of St. Michael the Archangel (1668) in the village of Kraynykovo, Khust district; church of St. Basil the Great (1703) in the village of Sil, Velykobereznyanskyy district; church of St. Nicholas (1704) in the village of Sokyrnytsya, Khust district;